비트 세대
[Beat generation]
비트 세대에 대한 일반적 의미는 대체로 비트닉(Beatnik), 즉 비트족으로서 상궤를 벗어난 행동과 옷차림을 하는 사람들을 지칭하지만, 실제로 비트 세대란 1920년대 대공황이 있었던 '상실의 시대(Lost Era)'에 태어나 제2차 세계대전을 직접 체험한 세대로서, 전후 50년대와 60년대에 삶에 안주하지 못하고 사회로부터 '매정한 대접(beating)'을 받았던, 특히 동시대의 사회와 문화구조에 저항한 특정한 문학가와 예술가의 그룹을 의미한다.
비트 세대에 의한 비트 문화 운동은 1950년대에 시작되었으며, 샌프란시스코의 노스비치, 캘리포니아의 베니스 웨스트, 뉴욕 시의 그리니치빌리지 등지의 보헤미아 예술가 그룹들이 그 중심이 되었다. 이 운동의 지지자들은 자신들의 스타일을 '비트'(원래는 '기진맥진한'이라는 뜻인데, 후에는 '행복에 넘친'(beatific)이라고 해석되는 경우도 있었음)라고 자처했으나 사람들은 그들을 비트닉스(beatniks)라는 조롱조의 명칭으로 불렀다. 그들은 자신들이 관습적이고 '획일적인' 사회에서 벗어났다는 것을 보여주기 위해 한결같이 허름한 옷과 태도, 그리고 재즈 음악가들에게서 빌려온 '히피' 어휘를 받아들였다. 일반적으로 정치와 사회적 문제에는 관심을 두지 않았으며 마약, 재즈, 섹스, 선불교(禪佛敎)의 수양 등으로 생기는 고도의 감각적 의식을 통한 개인적인 해방·정화·계시를 주창했다.
『부조리하게 자라다(Growing up absurd)』(1960)의 저자 폴 굿먼을 비롯한 비트족의 변호자들은 현대사회가 즐거움도 목적도 없으므로 도피와 반항이 충분히 정당하다고 여겼다. 비트 시인들은 시를 까다로운 강단에서 해방하여 '거리로 돌려보내자'고 했다. 그들의 시는 대개 혼란스럽고 외설스러운 표현 투성이었지만, 때로는 앨런 긴즈버그의 「울부짖음(Howl)」(1956)과 같이 강한 힘과 감동을 지닌 작품도 있었다. 긴즈버그를 비롯해 소설가 잭 케루악 같은 비트 운동의 주요인물들은 일종의 자유롭고 비구성적인 창작을 지지했다. 이것은 작가가 즉각적인 경험을 전달하기 위해 자신의 사상과 감정을 아무런 구상이나 수정 없이 적어내려가는 방법이었다. 그러한 방식으로 인해 비트족의 모방자들은 전혀 규율이 없고 앞뒤가 맞지 않는 장황한 요설을 늘어놓게 되었다. 비트 운동은 그 일시적 유행이 사라지기 시작한 1960년대까지 흥미롭고 유망한 작가들을 여러 명 배출했는데 예를 들면 퍼링게티, 그레고리 코르소, 필립 웨일런, 게리 스나이더 등이다.(황치복)
[네이버 지식백과] 비트 세대 [Beat generation] (문학비평용어사전, 2006. 1. 30., 국학자료원)
http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1530174&cid=41799&categoryId=41800
1.
The Good Blonde (2017 Short Film)
Based on the short story by Jack Kerouac. The films tells of an encounter on a beach between a Hitchhiker and a mysterious blonde haired girl.
Director: Nic Saunders
2.
William S. Burroughs: 100 Years (2014 Short Film)
LARB A.V. presents a short documentary on the life of writer William S. Burroughs, in honor of his birthday centennial... (16 mins.)
Director: Jerry Gorin
Stars: Barry Miles
3.
Big Sur (2013)
A recounting of Jack Kerouac's three sojourns to the cabin in Big Sur owned by his friend, poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti. (81 mins.)
Director: Michael Polish
4.
Kill Your Darlings (2013)
A murder in 1944 draws together the great poets of the beat generation: Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs. (104 mins.)
Director: John Krokidas
5.
On the Road (2012)
Young writer Sal Paradise has his life shaken by the arrival of free-spirited Dean Moriarty and his girl, Marylou. As they travel across the country, they encounter a mix of people who each impact their journey indelibly. (124 mins.)
Director: Walter Salles
6.
David Amram: The First 80 Years (2011 Documentary)
The life and times of Classical/Jazz/film score composer/conductor/jazz french hornist/world musician and Beat novelist Jack Keroauc's musical collaborator, David Amram. (93 mins.)
Director: Lawrence Kraman
7.
Love Always, Carolyn (2011 Documentary)
Documentary about Carolyn Cassady, her life and marriage to Neal Cassady, her relationship with Jack Kerouac and how she takes care of the literary legacy from both. (70 mins.)
Director: Malin Korkeasalo, Maria Ramström
8.
Kaybedenler Kulübü (2011)
Kaan and Mete, co-hosts of a mid 1990s radio show called Kaybedenler Kulübü (Losers' Club), struggle... (105 mins.)
Director: Tolga Örnek
9.
Beat Generation Ireland (2010 TV Series)
Beat Generation is a new concept - an offbeat and bold interactive cross-media entertainment, in the...
Director: Stephen O'Reilly
10.
William S. Burroughs: A Man Within (2010 Documentary)
William S. Burroughs: featuring never before seen footage as well as exclusive interviews with his closest friends and colleagues... (87 mins.)
Director: Yony Leyser
11.
Howl (2010)
As Allen Ginsberg talks about his life and art, his most famous poem is illustrated in animation while the obscenity trial of the work is dramatized. (84 mins.)
Director: Rob Epstein, Jeffrey Friedman
12.
Corso: The Last Beat (2009 Documentary)
Following Beat Poet Gregory Corso - literary compatriot of Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and William Burroughs -- throughout Europe, discovering his past, and facing his death.
Director: Gustave Reininger
13.
Neal Cassady (2007)
The story of what happened to Neal Cassady after Jack Kerouac's "On The Road" came out. Deals primarily with Neal's relationship to his fictional alter-ego, Dean Moriarty. (80 mins.)
Director: Noah Buschel
14.
Breaking the Rules (2006 Documentary)
A history of American counterculture covering 1950s Bebop, the Beat Generation, the Summer of Love, and the origin of Hip-Hop. (94 mins.)
Director: Marco Müller
15.
Beat (2000)
The story of writer William Seward Burroughs and his wife. (93 mins.)
Director: Gary Walkow
16.
The Source: The Story of the Beats and the Beat Generation (1999 Documentary)
Traces the Beats from Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac's meeting in 1944 at Columbia University to the deaths of Ginsberg and William S... (88 mins.)
Director: Chuck Workman
17.
The Beat Generation: An American Dream (1987 Documentary)
An investigation of the Beat Generation. (86 mins.)
Director: Janet Forman
18.
Bravo Profiles (1994 TV Series)
Episode: Jack Kerouac: On the Road to Desolation (1998)
Bravo network TV series that profiles creative artists in many fields.
Director: Sarah Aspinall, Julie Merson
20.
The Last Time I Committed Suicide (1997)
Neal Cassady is living the beat life during the 1940s, working at The Tire Yard and and philandering around town... (92 mins.)
Director: Stephen T. Kay
21.
American Masters (1985 TV Series)
Episode: The Life and Times of Allen Ginsberg (1994)
The life and work of Allen Ginsberg, the greatest of the Beat Generation poets is put in focus in this film (90 mins.)
22.
Naked Lunch (1991)
After developing an addiction to the substance he uses to kill bugs, an exterminator accidentally murders his wife and becomes involved in a secret government plot being orchestrated by giant bugs in a port town in North Africa. (115 mins.)
Director: David Cronenberg
23.
Drugstore Cowboy (1989)
A pharmacy-robbing dope fiend and his crew pop pills and evade the law. (102 mins.)
Director: Gus Van Sant Jr.
25.
Kerouac, the Movie (1985 Documentary)
Jack Kerouac was a Beat Generation writer who took the nation by storm upon the publication of his novel On the Road... (78 mins.)
Director: John Antonelli
26.
Heart Beat (1980)
The life and friendship between the icons of the Beat Generation - Neal Cassady, Carloyn Cassady and Jack Kerouac. (110 mins.)
Director: John Byrum
27.
Renaldo and Clara (1978)
This epic is a mass amalgamation of three separate film-types that is, contrary to popular opinion, coherent and a unified whole... (235 mins.)
Director: Bob Dylan
28.
Next Stop, Greenwich Village (1976)
The portrayal of pretentiously bohemian youth. (111 mins.)
Director: Paul Mazursky
29.
Me and My Brother (1969)
Julius Orlovsky, after spending years in a New York mental hospital, emerges catatonic and must rely on his brother Peter... (91 mins.)
Director: Robert Frank
30.
Pull My Daisy (1959 Short Film)
Milo is a railroad brakeman, his wife a painter. They have some poet friends who spend a good bit of time hanging out at their apartment... (30 mins.)
Director: Robert Frank, Alfred Leslie
31.
A Bucket of Blood (1959)
A dim-witted busboy finds acclaim as an artist for a plaster-covered dead cat that is mistaken as a skillful statuette. The desire for more praise soon leads to an increasingly deadly series of works. (66 mins.)
Director: Roger Corman
33.
Starving Hysterical Naked (2003)
The story focuses on the lives of a group Beat Generation artists. (60 mins.)
Director: Michael Bockman
34.
Ginsberg - Egy költö a Lower East Side-ról (1997 Documentary)
Two writers from the opposite ends of the world share a meeting of the minds. Hungarian poet and translator... (90 mins.)
Director: Gyula Gazdag